The second improvement is a bit more complicated, Google has deployed a new semantic technology which reportedly offers better understanding of associations and concepts related to your search. Currently, it's used to provide more useful related searches:
Starting today, we're deploying a new technology that can better understand associations and concepts related to your search, and one of its first applications lets us offer you even more useful related searches (the terms found at the bottom, and sometimes at the top, of the search results page).More details at the Google Blog.
For example, if you search for [principles of physics], our algorithms understand that "angular momentum," "special relativity," "big bang" and "quantum mechanic" are related terms that could help you find what you need.