Bones found in Ethiopia show cuts from stone and indications that the bones were forcibly broken to remove marrow.
The research, in the journal Nature, challenges several notions about our ancestors' behaviour.
Previously the oldest-known use of stone tools came from the nearby Gona region of Ethiopia, dating back to about 2.5 million years ago. That suggests that it was our more direct ancestors, members of our own genus Homo, that were the first to use tools.
But the marked bones were found in the Dikika region, with their age determined by dating the nearby volcanic rock - to between 3.2 million and 3.4 million years ago.
Sources: Guardian and BBC