Among others, Intel invested in Lyncean Technologies, a California-based company that claims it can optimize extreme ultraviolet (EUV) process technology to scale down chips to 2nm. Lyncean believes it can make EUV a lot easier by using a completely new electron beam accelerator that produces UV light with laser-like characteristics. This system replaces the "bulb" like light source that's used by ASML's current EUV machines, it promises to be cheaper and more energy efficient:
For a number of years, the light source needed to make chips has limited the reduction of chip designs but Lyncean has successfully simulated the miniaturization of government research technology – currently monster machines in huge facilities that require megawatts of power – down to something that could fit into a normal-sized lab room.
The money from Intel will be used to build a real machine and Feser is confident that in under three years, his company can produce a machine that will make a 2nm chip manufacturing process possible. From there, everyone else would need to catch up and redesign chip components to work at such a tiny scale.