This is changing with the introduction of Double Capacity (DC) DDR4 memory, those sticks offer up to 32GB and would allow the installation of 128GB in a consumer desktop PC. In a statement to AnandTech, Intel confirmed the memory controller of its 9th Gen Core processors will have support for up to 128GB. This feature will be enabled via an update "in a few months time":
The new 9th Gen Intel Core processors memory controller is capable of supporting DDR4 16Gb die density DIMMs which will allow the processors to support a total system memory capacity of up to 128GB when populating both motherboard memory channels with 2 DIMMs per Channel (2DPC) using these DIMMs. As DDR4 16Gb die density DIMMs have only recently become available, we are now validating them, targeting an update in a few months’ time.At the moment, only the Core i9-9900K, the Core i7-9700K, and the Core i5-9600K are confirmed to support 128GB. Adoption will likely be extremely low due to the high price of the DC DDR4 memory sticks. A memory kit of 4x 32GB will likely cost $1,200 to $1,600, so far outside of the budget of a typical desktop user.